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This bill would require the U.S. Trade Representative to keep a close watch on industrial subsidies given by the Chinese government and to report each year on how those subsidies could hurt the United States. The goal is to better understand which Chinese subsidies may give unfair advantages to Chinese companies, put American jobs and factories at risk, and affect goods and industries that are important to national security and the economy. The Trade Representative would work with several federal agencies to track current subsidies as well as plans for new or expanded ones, and would then send Congress a report with findings and ideas for how the United States could respond.
- The Trade Representative must regularly monitor industrial subsidies from China and any plans to create new subsidies or expand existing ones.
- This monitoring must be done with help from agencies such as the State Department, Commerce Department, Agriculture Department, Small Business Administration, and others the President chooses.
- Within one year of the law taking effect, and every year after that, the Trade Representative must send a report to the Senate Finance Committee and the House Ways and Means Committee.
- The report must identify Chinese subsidies that may seriously threaten U.S. jobs and manufacturing, especially in important industries and products, and must recommend actions Congress or the government could take to reduce those risks.
- The bill also defines key terms, including “strategically critical goods” and “strategically critical industries,” to focus attention on items and sectors that matter for national security, economic security, and critical infrastructure.
Official Summaries
Strengthen American Competitiveness Against Harmful Subsidies Act of 2025
This bill requires the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) to regularly monitor and report on industrial subsidies provided by the Chinese government.
First, the USTR must coordinate with specified federal agencies to regularly monitor (1) industrial subsidies provided by the Chinese government; and (2) plans by the Chinese government to implement new, or expand existing, industrial subsidies.
Second, the USTR must coordinate with specified federal agencies to submit an annual report to Congress that identifies current and expected industrial subsidies provided by the Chinese government that pose a significant risk to (1) employment in the United States, including employment in strategically critical industries; and (2) manufacturing in the United States, including production of strategically critical goods. This report must also include recommendations for legislative, administrative, or other actions that could mitigate the risks posed by industrial subsidies.
Current Full Text
[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 1165 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 1165
To require the United States Trade Representative to regularly monitor
industrial subsidies provided by the Government of the People's
Republic of China and submit a report on the risks posed by those
subsidies, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
March 27, 2025
Ms. Hassan (for herself and Mr. Cassidy) introduced the following bill;
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To require the United States Trade Representative to regularly monitor
industrial subsidies provided by the Government of the People's
Republic of China and submit a report on the risks posed by those
subsidies, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Strengthen American Competitiveness
Against Harmful Subsidies Act of 2025''.
SEC. 2. MONITORING BY UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE OF INDUSTRIAL
SUBSIDIES PROVIDED BY GOVERNMENT OF PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA.
(a) Monitoring.--The United States Trade Representative, in
coordination with the entities specified in subsection (b), shall
regularly monitor--
(1) industrial subsidies provided by the Government of the
People's Republic of China; and
(2) plans by the Government of the People's Republic of
China to implement new industrial subsidies or expand existing
industrial subsidies.
(b) Entities Specified.--The entities specified in this subsection
are the following:
(1) The Bureau of Economics and Business Affairs of the
Department of State.
(2) The United States and Foreign Commercial Service of the
Department of Commerce (established by section 2301 of the
Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4721)).
(3) The International Trade Administration of the
Department of Commerce (other than the United States and
Foreign Commercial Service).
(4) The Foreign Agricultural Service of the Department of
Agriculture.
(5) The Small Business Administration.
(6) Any other department or agency of the Federal
Government, as determined by the President.
SEC. 3. REPORTING BY UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE ON RISKS POSED
BY INDUSTRIAL SUBSIDIES PROVIDED BY GOVERNMENT OF
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.
(a) Reporting.--Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the United States Trade
Representative, in coordination with the entities specified in
subsection (b), shall submit to the Committee on Finance of the Senate
and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives a
report that--
(1) identifies current and expected industrial subsidies
provided by the Government of the People's Republic of China
that pose significant risk to--
(A) employment in the United States, including
employment in strategically critical industries; and
(B) manufacturing in the United States, including
production of strategically critical goods; and
(2) recommends legislative, administrative, or other
actions that could mitigate the risks posed by industrial
subsidies identified in paragraph (1).
(b) Entities Specified.--The entities specified in this subsection
are the following:
(1) The Bureau of Economics and Business Affairs of the
Department of State.
(2) The United States Agency for International Development.
(3) The United States and Foreign Commercial Service of the
Department of Commerce (established by section 2301 of the
Export Enhancement Act of 1988 (15 U.S.C. 4721)).
(4) The Industry and Analysis unit and the Enforcement and
Compliance unit of the International Trade Administration of
the Department of Commerce.
(5) The Bureau of Industry and Security of the Department
of Commerce.
(6) The Small Business Administration.
(7) The Department of Labor.
(8) The Department of Transportation.
(9) The Department of Energy.
(10) Any other department or agency of the Federal
Government, as determined by the President.
(c) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Critical infrastructure.--The term ``critical
infrastructure'' has the meaning given that term in the
Critical Infrastructures Protection Act of 2001 (42 U.S.C.
5195c).
(2) Key technology focus areas.--The term ``key technology
focus areas'' means the key technology focus areas included in
the list required under section 10387(a)(2) of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
19107(a)(2)).
(3) Strategically critical good.--The term ``strategically
critical good'' means any raw, in process, or manufactured
material (including any mineral, metal, or advanced processed
material), article, commodity, supply, product, or item of
supply the absence of which would have a significant effect
on--
(A) the national security or economic security of
the United States; and
(B) critical infrastructure.
(4) Strategically critical industry.--The term
``strategically critical industry'' means an industry that is
critical for the national security or economic security of the
United States, considering key technology focus areas and
critical infrastructure.
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